What Causes Eczema
What causes eczema? It is really a million dollar question, and pharmaceutical companies will pay that amount and more just to know the answer. The human body is complex; and knowing all systems working simultaneously from the time of conception to adulthood is yet to be achieved by scientist and doctors alike. Skin disorders are just one of the many puzzles that need to be addressed. What causes eczema is inter-related systems malfunction in the body; from hereditary predisposition; gene defects or mutation; immune system’s abnormal reaction; nerve endings sensitivity. Other reasons for outbreak of eczema are emotional or psychological stress; environmental causes and over 3,000 substances identified as allergens.
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To simplify the explanation of what causes eczema, the probable reasons for the skin disorders must be classified according to their general roots.
- Body: Our body is like a complex machine with inter-related functions, when one of these systems mal-function or mutated, it is manifested through chronic disorders and ailments. An example of body system malfunction is dermatitis herpetiformis; an eczema that is connected to celiac disease, an autoimmune disorder that is found in genetically predisposed individuals. The immune system attacks the small intestine when wheat gluten is ingested, a person with celiac develops this dermatitis when the immune system reacts to a substance and protein in wheat gluten. Genetic mutation is one reason for allergic contact eczema. In a recent study concluded, the Filaggrin gene mutation strongly influenced the development of atopic conditions (dermatitis, asthma and hay fever) and allergic sensitization in eczema (Gene Defects and Allergy: BMJ2009;339:b1203). Parents with a history of eczema or other atopic disorders such as asthma can pass this as skin ailment to their children. Studies show that if one parent has eczema, the chance of a child getting it is 50% and increases to 80% if both parents have it.
- Environment: What causes eczema outbreaks in general environmental conditions are the weather and locations. Hot and cold conditions, with low levels of humidity can trigger dermatitis, seborrheic and nummular are set off by dry cold weather, extreme heat from fire or hot baths can also initiate itching. Low humidity means dry air and this can diminish the moisture on skin that leads to eczema, using a humidifier indoors helps keep the humidity at a constant level. Studies show children living in the northern hemisphere; particularly highly developed areas are more likely to have eczema than those living in the tropics at less polluted areas.
- Natural or Synthetic Compounds: Chemical compounds found in antibacterial drugs, foods, plants, shoes, clothes, detergents, cleansers and cosmetics including perfumes can cause dermatitis. These cause reactions in two ways, as allergen and irritant. Allergens are substances that initiate an instant reaction to the skin when exposed or taken in orally. What causes eczema by irritants is continuous or constant exposure to it, damages the skin upon exposure with no chance of repairing the skin over time. But be observant on identifying the substance because you might be misled, one particular example is the metal nickel, it is used in jewelries and packaging of food in tin cans and foil for tomatoes, chocolates and peanuts. It might not be the food but the nickel that triggers the allergy or only when combined with other compounds. Mercury is both an allergen and irritant, some people have instant allergic reaction to it; some exposed to it constantly like dental technicians develop contact dermatitis over time such is the case with nummular dermatitis.
- Insect Bites, Emotional Stress, UV Rays and Perspiration: Neurodermatitis is caused by irritation of the nerves. What causes eczema in this case are insect bites and emotional stress; insect bites irritate the nerve ending of the skin that initiates intense itching and scratching cycle. Emotional stress can trigger the cycle then can lead to anxiety making a continuous cycle irritation. UV rays from the sun and perspiration initiate allergies when combined with other allergens. Fragrances in lotions and perfumes may not cause an itch right away, only when exposed to the sun or any UV light will these activate the allergy; this is called photoallergy. Same with perspiration, the chemical makeup of perspiration may instigate the allergic reaction from nickel.
- Microorganism infections, Existing Medical Conditions and Other Dermatitis: Microorganism infections from bacteria, fungus and virus can initiate dermatitis. In bacterial and fungal infections, this is called autoeczematization or id reaction, what causes eczema here is the infection but in an indirect manner. The dermatitis will occur at an area away from the infection and disappears once the infection is eliminated. Viral infections on the other hand are overlaid by eczema. Medical conditions such as Parkinson’s, HIV, lymphoma and atopic dermatitis can trigger eczema as a complication. Atopic dermatitis is often a pre-existing condition for other types of eczema.
What causes eczema is truly a complex subject with inter-related reasons and conditions. Medical studies on these reasons and conditions have yet to find definite success on how to beat it. But maybe it’s as simple as listening to those who were able to eliminate it.
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